Which statement best describes how backward chaining is conducted in therapy?

Which statement best describes how backward chaining is conducted in therapy?

• A. Start with the first step, then progress forward with additional prompts.
• B. Begin with the last step and provide support for earlier steps, then gradually reduce prompts until independence is achieved.
• C. Use random steps to assess capability.
• D. Provide no prompts at all from the outset.

Answer: (B)

Backward chaining is a therapy technique where the learner is guided to complete the final step of a task with support, and once that last step is achieved, the practitioner works backward through the earlier steps, gradually reducing prompts until the learner can do all steps independently. This setup makes the end goal the focus of the initial success, building confidence and reinforcing the entire sequence as the last action signals completion. It’s a systematic approach to skill acquisition that contrasts with forward chaining, which starts at the first step and moves forward with prompts; random sequencing lacks structure; and offering no prompts from the start would not scaffold learning at all. For example, when teaching a task like tying shoes, you’d ensure the learner can finish the final knot with help, then guide them through the preceding steps and slowly remove prompts until independence is achieved.

Backward chaining is a therapy technique where the learner is guided to complete the final step of a task with support, and once that last step is achieved, the practitioner works backward through the earlier steps, gradually reducing prompts until the learner can do all steps independently. This setup makes the end goal the focus of the initial success, building confidence and reinforcing the entire sequence as the last action signals completion. It’s a systematic approach to skill acquisition that contrasts with forward chaining, which starts at the first step and moves forward with prompts; random sequencing lacks structure; and offering no prompts from the start would not scaffold learning at all. For example, when teaching a task like tying shoes, you’d ensure the learner can finish the final knot with help, then guide them through the preceding steps and slowly remove prompts until independence is achieved.